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Felix Klein (1939) Elementary Mathematics from an Advanced Standpoint: Geometry, translated by E. R. Hedrick and C. A. Noble, pp 70–86, Macmillan Company.
Bruce E. Meserve (1955) Fundamental Concepts of Geometry, Chapter 5 Affine Geometry,, pp 150–84, Addison-Wesley.
Peter Scherk & Rolf Lingenberg (1975) Rudiments of Plane Affine Geometry, Mathematical Expositions #20, University of Toronto Press.
Wanda Szmielew (1984) From Affine to Euclidean Geometry: an axiomatic approach, D. Reidel, ISBN90-277-1243-3 .
Oswald Veblen (1918) Projective Geometry, volume 2, chapter 3: Affine group in the plane, pp 70 to 118, Ginn & Company.
